Arkarua
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (March 2013) |
| Arkarua Temporal range: Late Ediacaran, about
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| Artist's restoration | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata (?) |
| Class: | †Edrioasteroidea (?) |
| Genus: | †Arkarua Gehling, 1987 |
| Species: | †A. adami
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| Binomial name | |
| †Arkarua adami Gehling, 1987
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Arkarua adami is a small, Precambrian disk-like fossil with a raised center, a number of radial ridges on the rim, and a five-pointed central depression marked with radial lines of five small dots from the middle of the disk center. Fossils range from 3 to 10 mm in diameter.
Arkarua is known only from the Ediacaran beds of the Flinders Ranges in South Australia. The generic name refers to Arkaroo, a giant snake from the Dreaming of the local Aboriginal people.[1]
Arkarua is suggested to have been a passive suspension feeder.[2]
Classification
[edit]All known specimens of Arkarua are casts that give no clue to the internal structure, making classification problematic. Because of Arkarua's pentamerous symmetry, it is tentatively placed within phylum Echinodermata. Because of its flattened disk- or button-shape, coupled with its pentamerous symmetry, some claim that it can be further classified into the Edrioasteroidea, a class of the echinoderms.[citation needed]
This identification remains suspect, as the fossils do not appear to have either madreporites, or plates of stereom, a unique crystalline form of calcium carbonate from which echinoderm skeletons are built. These two features are diagnostic of all other echinoderms, as all extinct and extant echinoderms have either one, the other, or both features present.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Gehling, J.G. (1987). "Earliest known echinoderm — a new Ediacaran fossil from the Pound Subgroup of South Australia". Alcheringa. 11: 337–345. doi:10.1080/03115518708619143.
- ^ García-Bellido, Diego C. (6 April 2021). "555 million-year-old fossils reveal early feeding strategies". Environment Institute Blog. The University of Adelaide. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
- ^ Taylor, Paul D.; Lewis, David N. (2007). Fossil Invertebrates. Harvard University Press. pp. 163–164. ISBN 0-674-02574-1.
- McMenamin M. (1986). The Garden of Ediacara (PDF). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10559-0. Retrieved 8 March 2007.[permanent dead link]
External links
[edit]- Vendian animals: Arkarua from the Ediacara Hills of Australia, from the University of California Berkeley Museum of Paleontology. (pictures)
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