Operation Leo
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Operation Leo was a plan to kidnap the Swedish minister for immigration, Anna-Greta Leijon, in 1977.[1] The plan was devised by the second generation of the German Red Army Faction.[further explanation needed]
Origins
[edit]The first generation of the group was also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group, after two of its founding members.[citation needed]
Background
[edit]
The Red Army Faction devised the plan as a direct consequence of the outcome of the 1975 West German embassy siege in Stockholm.[citation needed] A group of RAF members seized the embassy by force, demanding negotiations with the West German government.[citation needed] After the Swedish and German governments had employed stalling tactics the terrorists became impatient and allegedly started planning a violent break-out.[citation needed] A botched attempt to create a diversion led to an explosion and a massive fire.[citation needed] One terrorist, Siegfried Hausner, died from injuries sustained in the explosion in Stammheim Prison after being flown to Germany.[2] The other members of the group were arrested as they tried to flee the premises.[citation needed]
If the plan to kidnap Leijon had been successful the group would have named their unit "Commando Siegfried Hausner".[citation needed]
The operation
[edit]
Leijon was chosen because she held the highest political responsibility for the new Swedish anti-terrorist law, and the goal was to exchange Leijon for eight 'comrades' held in West German prisons.[citation needed] The group intended to put the minister in a wooden box so as to prevent her from hearing or seeing anything and subsequently moving her to another location.[3]
The plan was extensive and complicated and included robbing banks and procuring weapons. However, unbeknownst to the Red Army Faction, the Swedish Security Service (Säpo) had them under close surveillance.[citation needed] Before the plan could be put into action the police arrested the entire group in an operation code-named "Ebba Röd".[citation needed]
During the investigation that followed, some 90 people were arrested. Many received prison terms, among them were:[4]
- Lennart Warring, sentenced to four years in prison.
- Pia Laskar, sentenced to three years in prison.
- Anna-Karin Lindgren, sentenced to two years in prison.
- Katarina Motzi Ekelöf, sentenced to two years in prison.
- Eive Tungstedt, sentenced to six months in prison.
- Karl Gratzer, sentenced to three months in prison.
The leader of the group, Norbert Kröcher, was deported to Germany where he served out his prison sentence until released in 1989. After he was arrested, "Ebba Grön" was called out on the police radio.[5] (Röd is the Swedish word for red, and Grön is the word for green. Ebba was the police code-name for Kröcher.)[5] The Swedish punk band Ebba Grön, formed in 1977, named themselves after the code word used in the police operation.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ "Operation Leo - Leijon som gisslan". Sveriges Radio (in Swedish). 11 June 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
- ^ "Utvisad terrorist avled i fängelset" [Deported terrorist died in prison]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). No. 120. 1975-05-05. p. 1. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
- ^ Palmström, Ola (2024-04-12). "Politikern Anna-Greta Leijon död" [Politician Anna-Greta Leijon has died]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). TT. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
- ^ Agnarsson, Ruben (9 June 2017). "Då: Terrordömda - Nu: Samhällstoppar". Inblick (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2017-06-10. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
- ^ a b c Johnsson, Fredrik (producer) (29 April 2012). Operation Leo (mp3) (radio documentary). P3 Dokumentär (in Swedish). Stockholm: Sveriges Radio. 56:44, 57:20 & 60:56 minutes in. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
Further reading
[edit]- Hansén, Dan; Nordqvist, Jens (2005). Kommando Holger Meins: dramat på västtyska ambassaden och Operation Leo [Command Holger Meins: the drama at the West German embassy and Operation Leo] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Ordfront. ISBN 91-7037-092-3. SELIBR 9717998.
- Hederberg, Hans (1978). Operation Leo: människorna kring Norbert Kröcher [Operation Leo: the people around Norbert Kröcher] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögren. ISBN 91-29-52363-X. SELIBR 7234409.