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Charles Ingram

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Charles Ingram
Ingram in 2006
Born
Charles William Ingram

(1963-08-06) 6 August 1963 (age 61)
Shardlow, Derbyshire, England
EducationOswestry School
Alma materKingston University
Occupation(s)Novelist, army major
Known forAppearance on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and subsequent scandal
Spouse
Diana Ingram
​
(m. 1989)​
Children3
Military career
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service / branch British Army
Years of service1987–2003
RankMajor
Service number525791

Charles William Ingram (born 6 August 1963) is an English fraudster and a former Major in the British Army who gained fame for his appearance on the ITV television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? In episodes recorded in September 2001, Ingram correctly answered fifteen questions to win the show's maximum prize of £1 million, becoming the third recorded contestant ever to do so. However, he was denied the winnings due to suspicion of cheating.[1]

Following a lengthy trial at Southwark Crown Court, Ingram was convicted on a single count of procuring the execution of a valuable security by deception. He was subsequently convicted of an unrelated offence involving insurance fraud in 2003 and ordered to resign his commission as a major by the Army Board.

Early life

Charles William Ingram was born on 6 August 1963 in Shardlow, Derbyshire, the son of John Ingram, a retired Royal Air Force Wing Commander,[2] and his wife, Susan, a theatre set designer. His father's Wellington bomber, operating with 103 Squadron from RAF Elsham Wolds, had been shot down in late September 1941; he was taken as a prisoner of war while two of his crew were killed.[3]

Ingram's parents divorced when he was young and he spent most of his education years boarding privately at Oswestry School in Oswestry, Shropshire.[4] There he was a member of the Combined Cadet Force and completed the Duke of Edinburgh Silver Award.[3] He went on to obtain a BSc in civil engineering from Kingston University.[4]

Military career

In 1987, Ingram trained for the British Army at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and was commissioned as an officer in the Royal Engineers.[5] He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1990[5] and major in 1995.[6] In 1999, Ingram was sent to Banja Luka in Bosnia[7] for six months on United Nations peacekeeping duties.[8] He graduated from Cranfield University with a master's degree in corporate management in August 2000.[3] He was ordered by the Army Board via letter to resign his commission on 20 August 2003 and to give up his rank of major. It is widely disputed whether or not he was dishonourably discharged.[9]

Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? scandal

£1 million (15 of 15) – No time limit
A number one followed by one hundred zeros is known by what name?
⬥ A: Googol ⬥ B: Megatron
⬥ C: Gigabit ⬥ D: Nanomole
Ingram's £1 million question

On 9 September 2001 Ingram became a contestant on the ITV game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, following his wife, Diana, and her brother Adrian Pollock, each of whom had won £32,000 as a previous contestant.[10][11] To prepare, Ingram practised for about twenty minutes per day on a homemade "Fastest Finger First" machine.[12] Ingram got into the "hot seat", but used two of his three lifelines early, ending the day at £4,000 and with only the 50/50 lifeline remaining. The production team did not expect him to proceed much further, but he ended up making it all the way to the £1 million prize on the second day of recording.[13]

Throughout Ingram's run on the second day of recording, the production team were increasingly suspicious of him. He was taking brazen risks and playing the game in an unusual manner. One of the questions Ingram got during the run was "Who had a hit UK album with Born to Do It released in 2000?" After using his 50/50 the two remaining answers were A1 (what he believed the answer to be) and Craig David, whom he said he had never heard of. After nearly locking in A1 as his final answer, he backed down and later said "80% of the time I'm wrong when I guess, so you know what—I'll go Craig David." He then locked in the correct answer of Craig David. At the penultimate question, worth £500,000, Ingram was asked: "Baron Haussmann is best known for his planning of which city?" Amongst the options were Berlin and Paris, the former of which he immediately assumed as the right answer due to his belief that Haussmann is a German name. However, after some time he said, "there's a possibility that it's Paris" before eventually deciding to lock in Paris as his final answer. This got Ingram to the £1 million question—"A number one followed by one hundred zeros is known by what name?"—to which he thought the answer was nanomole and initially said he did not know what a googol is. However, he eventually decided to lock in "googol" as his final answer which won him the £1 million prize.[14] Of Ingram's unusual behaviour while playing for the final question, and after the scandal had become public knowledge, Rod Taylor, an executive producer, said, "It became obvious that he wasn't under the pressure that he should have been, somehow... He should have been very, very careful, and very certain. And he certainly wasn't [either of those]."[15]

After Ingram had won the £1 million, producers were suspicious enough that a search was performed on him. His hair, clothing, and shoes were searched; however, the method of cheating used meant that nothing incriminating was found on his person. After he left the set, the show's production company, Celador, were tipped off by the show's producers of the assumed irregularities within the episode, and they suspended the jackpot payout to investigate the matter. At the same time, the show's presenter, Chris Tarrant, overheard that the Ingrams had been arguing, despite Charles’s success, moments before Tarrant joined them in their dressing room for champagne; another member of the production team also noted a similar thought about the couple's behaviour.[16] While reviewing the recording, the production team made a connection between Ingram's answers and coughs coming from one of the waiting contestants, Tecwen Whittock; for one question, the coughing came from Ingram's wife Diana whilst she was in the audience.[13] Based on this evidence, all three were accused of cheating, and the matter was handed over to the police to investigate further. Whittock and the Ingrams were eventually charged with "procuring the execution of a valuable security by deception".

Trial

Following a trial at Southwark Crown Court lasting four weeks (including jury deliberation for three and a half days), Ingram, his wife and Whittock were convicted by a majority verdict of their offences on 7 April 2003. Both of the Ingrams and Whittock were given prison sentences, suspended for two years—the Ingrams were sentenced to eighteen months; Whittock was sentenced to twelve months—and each fined £15,000 and ordered to pay £10,000 towards prosecution costs. Within two months of the verdict and sentence, the trial's judge ordered the Ingrams to pay additional defence costs, which left them repaying a total of £115,000.[17]

On 19 August 2003, the Army Board ordered Ingram to resign his commission as a major after sixteen years of service, but stated that this would not affect his pension entitlements.[18]

On 19 May 2004, the Court of Appeal denied Ingram leave to appeal against his conviction and upheld his sentence but agreed to quash his wife's fine and prosecution costs.[19] On 5 October, the House of Lords denied Ingram leave to appeal against his fine and prosecution costs, and he appealed to the European Court of Human Rights. On 20 October, the original trial judge reduced Ingram's defence costs order to £25,000 and Diana's defence costs order to £5,000.[20] Ingram's defence costs were later further reduced to £5,000 on appeal.

In 2006, journalist Jon Ronson, who covered the case at the time for The Guardian, wrote that he believed the Ingrams might be innocent. Ronson, who attended every day of the trial, had observed that when the word "cough" was mentioned, pensioners in the public gallery had coughed. Chess grandmaster James Plaskett, who had appeared in the Fastest Finger First round several times before winning £250,000 in January 2006, argued this was an example of coughs caused by unconscious triggers; Whittock or others had simply coughed involuntarily upon hearing the correct answer. Whittock was also accused of having coughed after Ingram mentioned an incorrect option to his penultimate question and swiftly following that up with a smothered "no". However, Plaskett, who had sat in that very same seat, argued that someone might have audibly said it in response to an incorrect option in the same way that other waiting contestants have been known to whisper "no".[21]

Recorded evidence

In court, Ingram claimed the videotape of his appearance on Millionaire was "unrepresentative of what I heard", and he continues to assert that it was "unfairly manipulated". A video recording, with coughing amplified relative to other sounds, including Ingram's and Tarrant's voices, was prepared by Celador's editors (Editworks) for the prosecution and "for the benefit of the jury" during the trial (and later for viewers in television broadcasts). Ingram claims that he neither "listened for, encouraged, nor noticed any coughing". The prosecution alleged that, of the 192 coughs recorded during his second-night performance, 32 were recorded from the ten Fastest Finger First contestants, and that 19 of the 32 coughs heard on the video tape were "significant". The prosecution asserted that these "significant" coughs were by Whittock when the correct answer had been spoken. During the trial, Tarrant also denied hearing any coughing throughout the episode, claiming he was too busy to notice.[22]

Testimony of Larry Whitehurst

Larry Whitehurst, another contestant who had appeared on the show as a Fastest Finger First contestant on four occasions, was adamant that he had known the answers to Ingram's questions. He told the court that he had been able to detect a pattern of coughing, and that he was entirely convinced that coughing had helped Ingram.[23]

Testimony of Tecwen Whittock

Whittock claims to have suffered a persistent cough for his entire life,[24] insisted that he had a genuine cough caused by a combination of hay fever and a dust allergy, and that it was only coincidence that his throat problem coincided with the right answers.[25] During the trial, however, the jury heard evidence that once Whittock himself earned the right to sit in the hot seat, his throat problems disappeared.[25] Whittock later testified that he drank several glasses of water before he went in front of the cameras.[26] Whittock also insisted that he had not known the answers to three of the questions he allegedly helped with. However, the police found the answer to the twelfth question, regarding the artist who painted The Ambassadors, in a hand-written general knowledge book at Whittock's home.[25]

Davies, the floor manager on Millionaire, said that as soon as the coughing came to his notice during the recording he decided to find out who was responsible. "The loudest coughing was coming from Tecwen in seat number three", he said. "He was talking to the person to his left when I was observing him, and then he turned towards the set and the hot seat to cough"— and while Davies described this as "bizarre", Whittock remarked during the trial, "You do not cough into someone's face".[27]

During the trial, Whittock portrayed himself as a "serial quiz show loser" because he had been eliminated in round one of Channel 4's Fifteen to One, had also failed on ITV's The People Versus and had been able to win only an atlas on his appearance on ITV's Sale of the Century. He had also done poorly on Beat the Bong, although he did reach the semi-final stage of the BBC radio quiz show Brain of Britain.[28]

After Millionaire

Ingram with his wife Diana in 2006

Books

Since leaving the Army, Ingram has written two novels: The Network (2006) and Deep Siege (2007).[29][30]

TV appearances

Following his appearance on Millionaire, Ingram has appeared on various other television shows, including Channel 4's The Games,[31] the BBC's The Weakest Link, and Channel 4's Wife Swap, featuring alongside his wife in the latter two.[32]

On The Weakest Link, Anne Robinson jokingly referred to the "dashing young major with a throat infection", regarding his Millionaire appearance. A question was also posed concerning, "In classical music what 'C' is the act of throat clearing which members of the audience are asked to try to avoid?", the answer being "coughing".

Ingram also narrowly lost to Paul Daniels on the short-lived Channel 5 game show 19 Keys in November 2003.

Insurance fraud case

In late 2003, Ingram and his wife were charged with further fraud offences. On 28 October, Ingram was found guilty at Bournemouth Crown Court of obtaining a pecuniary advantage by deception, and of a second charge of deception, having attempted to claim on an insurance policy after an alleged burglary at his home. Ingram had failed to tell Direct Line Insurance about claims he had made in the three years before he took out the policy in July 2001. However a spokesman for Wiltshire Constabulary, David Taylor, said those offences were "not fraud". The court was told that Ingram had been a "habitual claimant" with Norwich Union after suffering "unfortunate" losses of private possessions.[33]

Christopher Parker, prosecuting, said Ingram switched insurers to Zurich Insurance Group in 1997, after Norwich Union reduced a burglary claim from £19,000 to £9,000, and in 2000 switched again to Direct Line. "He has been ineluctably dishonest," Parker said. "He went to Direct Line and didn't make a disclosure about his claims history, because he knew he wouldn't have been insured. It might not have started off as the most monstrous piece of villainy but these things tend to snowball and it all came to a sticky end when he claimed for £30,000." Staff at Direct Line were already "suspicious" about Ingram's £30,000 burglary claim but decided to investigate only after reading newspaper coverage about his questionable win on Millionaire.[33]

Ingram was given a conditional discharge on the charge of fraudulently claiming £30,000 on insurance. The judge told Ingram he took into account "the punishment [Ingram had] brought upon [himself] and [his] dire financial state" and rejected an alternative option of community service after Ingram told a probation officer he feared other criminals would bully him.[34]

A book covering the case, Bad Show: The Quiz, The Cough, The Millionaire Major, by Bob Woffinden and James Plaskett, was published in January 2015.

Quiz, a play written by James Graham that re-examines the events and subsequent conviction of the Ingrams and Whittock, opened at the Minerva Theatre, Chichester, on 3 November 2017, running until 9 December 2017.[35] The play transferred to the West End, playing at the Noël Coward Theatre from 31 March 2018 to 16 June 2018.[36] In 2019, Graham adapted his play into a serial drama for ITV that was broadcast in April 2020 in three parts.[37] Ingram was portrayed in the series by Matthew Macfadyen. The series also aired on AMC and BBC America in the United States in June 2020 and on RTÉ One in Ireland in February 2021.

Personal life

Ingram met his wife, Diana, while she was training to be a teacher at Barry College in Wales. The two became engaged during his first posting with the Royal Engineers in Germany. They were married in November 1989 and have three children.[3]

In 2010, Ingram lost three toes on his left foot in an accident involving a lawnmower.[38]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Millionaire cheat told to leave Army". The Daily Telegraph. 24 July 2003. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  2. ^ (RAF/39187)
  3. ^ a b c d "The major: strategist who flunked simple questions; Profile". The Times. 8 April 2003. p. 11. Archived from the original on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
  4. ^ a b Walne, Toby (16 September 2006). "Fame and fortune". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
  5. ^ a b "No. 52131". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 May 1990. p. 8819.
  6. ^ "The major behind the sting" Archived 21 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine. news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  7. ^ Vasagar, Jeevan (20 March 2003). "Pager claims are rot, major tells court". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
  8. ^ "The man behind the scams". BBC News. 28 October 2003. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
  9. ^ "Marching orders for Army gameshow cheat". Al Jazeera. 24 July 2003. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
  10. ^ "Major Charles Ingram has been found guilty of cheating his way to the top prize on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire". BBC News. 7 April 2003. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  11. ^ Martin Bashir (2003). Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Major Fraud (Television). London, England: ITV.
  12. ^ Woolcock, Nicola (22 March 2003). "Millionaire quiz major had ploy to foil Tarrant". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  13. ^ a b Harrison, Angus (9 September 2016). "That Time a Guy Won 'Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?' by Cheating Terribly". VICE. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  14. ^ Martin Bashir (2003). Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Major Fraud (Television). London, England: ITV.
  15. ^ "Major Fraud Charles Ingram Documentary (2003)". 2003.
  16. ^ "Millionaire winner 'unhappy'". BBC News. 10 March 2003. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  17. ^ "Charles Ingram transcript". Evening Standard. 21 January 2004. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  18. ^ "BBC NEWS - UK - Millionaire cheat sacked by Army". news.bbc.co.uk. 24 July 2003. Archived from the original on 30 November 2005. Retrieved 3 July 2008.
  19. ^ "TV quiz cheat loses his appeal". BBC News. 19 May 2004. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  20. ^ "Quiz cheat has defence costs cut". BBC News. 21 October 2004. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  21. ^ Ronson, Jon (17 July 2006). "Are the Millionaire three innocent?". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
  22. ^ Mcveigh, Karen (13 March 2003). "Quizmaster 'amazed' to hear £1m winner could have cheated". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  23. ^ "Contestant 'spotted Millionaire coughs'". BBC News. 11 March 2003. Archived from the original on 14 March 2003. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  24. ^ "So I phoned a friend – part two". The Guardian. London. 19 April 2003. Archived from the original on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  25. ^ a b c Innes, John (7 March 2003). "Pager plot too risky for TV quiz". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  26. ^ "Cheating 'silly' says Millionaire accused". BBC News. 26 March 2003. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  27. ^ "Playing the game". Archived from the original on 20 October 2004. Retrieved 26 September 2004.
  28. ^ Innes, John (26 March 2003). "Lecturer a serial quiz show failure, court is told". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 18 April 2003. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  29. ^ Ingram, Charles (2007). Deep Siege. Pegasus Elliot Mackenzie Pu. ISBN 978-1-84386-380-9. Archived from the original on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  30. ^ The Network Hardcover – 18 April 2006. ASIN 1846240026.
  31. ^ "The Games". UK Game Shows. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  32. ^ "Goody and Ingram's celebrity swap". The BBC. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  33. ^ a b Woolcock, Nicola (29 October 2003). "'Millionaire' quiz cheat guilty of insurance fraud". Daily Telegraph (UK). Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  34. ^ Savill, Richard (22 November 2003). "Cheating major walks free over insurance fraud". Daily Telegraph (UK). Archived from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  35. ^ "Quiz". Chichester Festival Theatre. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  36. ^ "Quiz the Play by James Graham | Official West End Website". 12 April 2018. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  37. ^ "ITV has commissioned 'Quiz' a three-part drama directed by Stephen Frears starring Hollywood star, Michael Sheen". ITV Media. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  38. ^ Millionaire cheat loses toes in accident Archived 5 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine. The Independent.
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