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Beechcraft Baron

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Baron
Beechcraft Baron 58P
General information
TypeCivil utility aircraft
National originUnited States
ManufacturerBeechcraft
StatusIn production
Primary userUnited States Army (historical)
Number built7,004 (at end of 2023)[1][2][3][4]
History
Manufactured1961–present
First flightFebruary 29, 1960 [5]
Developed fromBeechcraft Travel Air

The Beechcraft Baron is a light twin-engined piston aircraft designed and produced by Beechcraft. The aircraft was introduced in 1961. A low-wing monoplane developed from the Travel Air, it remains in production.

Design and development

[edit]
Cockpit of a 1964 Baron 55 with a mixture of original equipment and modern avionics

The direct predecessor of the Baron was the Beechcraft 95 Travel Air, which incorporated the fuselage of the Bonanza and the tail control surfaces of the T-34 Mentor military trainer. To create the new airplane, the Travel Air's tail was replaced with that of the Beechcraft Debonair, the engine nacelles were streamlined, six-cylinder engines were added, and the aircraft's name was changed. In 1960, the Piper Aztec was introduced, using two 250 hp Lycoming O-540 engines; Cessna too had improved its 310 with two Continental IO-470 D, producing 260 hp. Meanwhile, Beechcraft's Bonanza had been improved with a Continental IO-470-N. But the answer to competition was to make a true twin-engined variant of the Bonanza. The first model, the 55, was powered by two six-cylinder IO-470-L engines producing 260 hp at 2,625rpm each; it was introduced in 1961. The first Baron included the fully-swept vertical stabilizer of the Debonair while still retaining the four to four+five place seating of the Travel Air.[citation needed]

Variants

[edit]

Barons come in three basic types: the Baron 55 (short body), Baron 56 (short body) and Baron 58 (long body), with several sub-variants each.

Baron 55

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Two Baron 55s flying in formation with a 1980-built B55 (short nose) nearest. E55 (lengthened nose) in background.
A 1962 Baron C55 in the factory paint scheme[a]
Beechcraft Model E55 Baron

The early Baron 55, A55 and B55 were fitted with 260 hp (190 kW) Continental IO-470 engines and had gross weights of 4880 to 5100 lb (2,200 to 2,300 kg). These had a typical cruise speed of 190 knots (350 km/h) at 7000 ft (2100 m), and came with 116 or 136 US gallon (440 or 515 L) fuel tanks.[6][7] Although its performance was eclipsed by the later variants, the B55 continued to be offered as the basic economy model until the end of the Baron 55 model run, and it would ultimately capture about half of total 55-series sales.[8]

The C55, D55 and E55 models used 285 hp (213 kW) Continental IO-520 engines, increasing cruise speed to 200 kn (230 mph; 370 km/h). Gross weight increased to 5,300 lb (2,400 kg) and the forward fuselage was lengthened by 12 in (30 cm) to increase baggage space in the nose.[8] 136, 142, or 166 US gallon (515 or 628 L) fuel tanks were offered.[citation needed]

The Baron 55 was sold with four seats in two rows as standard equipment; a third-row fifth seat was optional initially, and a sixth seat became optional on the A55. However, the lack of a rear passenger door or a second-row pass-through hampers access to the third-row seats, and adults often find the rear fuselage taper confining. Additionally, the aircraft tend to exceed the aft center of gravity (CG) limit with all six seats occupied and no baggage in the nose compartment to act as counterbalance. Owners often remove the third-row seats and use the rear fuselage as additional baggage space.[8][9]

Model 55 Barons were produced from 1961 to 1983, with 3,651 manufactured.[1] All use the ICAO aircraft type designator BE55.[10]

Model 95-55 Baron
Baron prototype. Registration N9695R (c/n TC-1)
55
Introduced 1961. Four to five seat, twin engined transport, powered by two 260-hp Continental IO-470-l six cylinder piston engines. 190 units built. Priced at $58,250.[11]
A55
Built 1962 through 1963. Four to five seats. Improvements were a new instrument panel, interior, and exterior paint scheme. Priced at $58,950.[12] 309 built.
B55
Introduced in 1964, run through 1982. Four to six-seats. New exterior scheme and interior design. A 120 lb (54 kg) increase in gross weight to 5,100 lb (2,313 kg). Priced at $59,950 (1964), $177,500 (1982).[13] 1201 built.
C55
Built 1966 through 1967. Four to six seats. Powered by two, 285-hp Continental IO-520-C piston engines. Increased performance over the B55. Nose lengthened to accommodate more baggage or equipment, and to improve weight and balance. Crack-prone engine air intake box design changed. Alternators changed from belt driven to gear driven. 451 aircraft built. Priced at $68,350 in 1966.[14]
D55
Built 1968 through 1969. Four to six seats. Introduced new paint scheme and 'speed-slope' windshield. Changed to three blade props and a different flap configuration. 316 aircraft built. Priced at $73,950 in 1968.[15]
E55
Introduced in 1970, run through 1982. Four to six seats. Incorporated new paint scheme and interior design. Improved avionics and panel. Wing-tip lights and rotating beacon made flush; new entrance step. Also added were 172 US gallon (166 usable) interconnected tanks with one fill cap per wing became an option in 1976. 433 built. Priced at $83,950 in 1970, $219,500 in 1982.

Baron 56TC

[edit]
An early Baron 56TC seen in-flight.

In 1967, Beechcraft had begun development of a faster, pressurized twin, the Model 60 Duke; the Duke was to go head-to-head with Cessna's 320 Skyknight. The Duke was to use two turbocharged 380-hp Lycoming TIO-541-E1A4 engines, therefore, Beech wanted experience working with, and flying the new engine. The engine was fitted to a modified Baron C55, becoming the 56TC (that prototype, EG-1, was later retired after certification). The results of the 56TC were as planned, it proved a good testbed and experience building model for the Duke's development. However, it was a noticeably loud airplane, especially so for a Beechcraft. Along with its increased noise, the 56TC had an increase in structural strength and thus empty weight to compensate for the higher power. When introduced in 1967, it was the fastest Beech aircraft, rivaling even the early King Airs sold at the time. 93 Baron 56TC aircraft were built between 1967 and 1971[1] and all use the ICAO type designator BE56.[10]

56TC
First flown on 25 May 1966.[16] Introduced in 1967, built until the 1969 model year. Four to six seats. Power came from two 380-hp (283-kW) Lycoming TIO-540-E1B4 turbocharged piston engines. Priced at $89,950 in 1967.[17] 82 aircraft sold.[1]
A56TC
Introduced 1970, built until 1971. Only model change throughout the 56 production. Featured new exterior paint scheme and interior design, new instrument panel, smooth rotating beacon and navigation lights, nose wheel light. Priced at $101,750 in 1970.[18] 11 manufactured.[1]

Baron 58

[edit]
The turbocharged 58TC variant.
1980 Baron 58PA of BMI

Introduced for the model year 1969,[19] the larger, more powerful Baron 58 was developed from the Baron 55, with an increased gross weight of 5,400 lbs. Depending on the variant, the Baron 58 is fitted with either Continental IO-520 or IO-550 300-hp engine. The Baron 58 can cruise at 200 knots (370 km/h) at 7000 ft (2100 m). The most significant change was a fuselage stretch of 10 inches (25 cm) and the introduction of double rear fuselage doors and reversible club seats in the center row, eliminating the need for passengers to climb over the center seats or through the rear baggage door to access the rear seats. The entire fuselage was repositioned forward on the wing to address the aft CG issue that plagued the short-body models. The longer 58 fuselage has four side windows while the 55 and 56 fuselages have three.[20] The larger fuselage and improved rear-cabin access have made the 58 far more popular with commercial air charter and cargo operators than the smaller 55 and 56.[9]

ICAO type designator of all versions[clarification needed] is BE58.[10]

In 1976, the turbocharged Baron 58TC and pressurized Baron 58P were introduced. These variants were powered by turbocharged Continental TIO-520s of 310–325 hp (230–240 kW), had an increased 6100–6200 lb (about 2800 kg) gross weight, and were certified under FAR23 with a new type certificate. The Baron 58P/58TC models were capable of cruising at 200 knots (370 km/h) at 8000 ft (2400 m) and 220 knots (410 km/h) at 20000 ft (6100 m), and were typically equipped with 190 US gallon (719 L) fuel tanks.[citation needed]

In 1984, the instrument panel was redesigned to eliminate the large central control column and engine controls mounted high on the instrument panel to clear it. In pre-1984 aircraft with the optional dual control yokes, the arm to the right-hand yoke partially blocks the radios and some cockpit switchgear. The redesign provides a more industry-standard control arrangement and increases instrument panel space, but the aircraft lost the option of having a single yoke, which enhanced comfort for a passenger or relief pilot in the right-hand seat.[20]

Although the turbocharged 58TC/58P variants were discontinued in 1984 and 1985, respectively, the normally aspirated Baron 58 was still in production as of 2021. The current production version is the G58, featuring a glass cockpit, improved passenger cabin and changes to selected airframe details.[21]

58 Baron
Original variant, first flown on 23 June 1969, introduced in 1969 and run through 2004 (production continued as G58). Four to six seats. Powered by two 285-hp Continental IO-520-C or Continental IO-550-C piston engines.[19] 2,124 aircraft built.[1][22]
58P Baron
Introduced 1976, run through 1985. Pressurized cabin, powered by two Continental TSIO-520-L turbocharged piston engines. Priced at $200,750 in 1976.[23] 495 produced.[1]
58TC Baron
Introduced in 1976, run through 1984. Turbocharged engines, powered by 310 hp Continental TSIO-520-L engines. First flew October 31, 1975. Priced at $170,750 in 1976.[24] 151 aircraft sold.[1]
G58 Baron
Introduced in 2005, currently in production. Version of 58 Baron with Garmin G1000 glass cockpit avionics.[25]
G58 Baron ISR
Introduced in 2013, Beechcraft developed a low cost ISTAR aircraft for Fuerzas Unidas de Rapida Acción (FURA), an agency within the Puerto Rico Police Department. In 2014, the aircraft was upgraded with a FLIR 230-HD electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) camera system, operator's console that housed the mapping/mission management computer, a recorder, a multi-band communications radio system and data link for special mission operators.[26]

T-42A Cochise (95-B55B)

[edit]
T-42 Cochise

The T-42A Cochise is a military version of the Baron 95-B55 for use by the United States Army as an instrument training aircraft. The Army Aviation School took delivery of 65 aircraft, a further five were bought for delivery to the Turkish Army.[27][3][4]

Three Army T-42s were transferred to the United States Navy.[28] By 1993, the Army's remaining T-42 aircraft had been transferred to the Army Reserve and the National Guard and were no longer in standard use.[citation needed] With the exception of three aircraft destroyed in accidents, three donated to technical schools for instructional use, and one at the United States Army Aviation Museum, all U.S. military T-42s were eventually transferred to civil owners as military surplus.[3][4] In March 2023, the Army Aviation Museum T-42A, serial number 65-12697, was in storage and not on public display.[29]

SFERMA SF-60A Marquis

[edit]
SFERMA 60A Marquis

A twin 530 hp (400 kW) Astazou X turboprop modification of the Baron first flown in 1961 developed from SFERMA's 1960 Astazou IIA turboprop conversion of a Model 95 Travel Air (SFERMA PD-146 Marquis).[30][31][32] At least ten converted to follow on from eight converted Travel Airs.[33]

Operators

[edit]

Government operators

[edit]
 Argentina

Military operators

[edit]
 Argentina
 Bolivia
 Haiti
 Indonesia
G58 Baron of the Indonesian Naval Aviation
 Mexico
 Rhodesia
 Spain
 Turkey
 United States
 Uruguay

Accidents and incidents

[edit]

The Beechcraft Baron has been involved in the following notable accidents and incidents.

Specifications (B55)

[edit]
3-view line drawing of the Beechcraft T-42A Cochise
3-view line drawing of the Beechcraft T-42A Cochise

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–77 [75]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Capacity: 6 passengers
  • Length: 28 ft 0 in (8.53 m)
  • Wingspan: 37 ft 10 in (11.53 m)
  • Height: 9 ft 7 in (2.92 m)
  • Wing area: 199.2 sq ft (18.51 m2)
  • Airfoil: NACA 23016.5 at root, NACA 23010.5 at tip
  • Empty weight: 3,156 lb (1,432 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 5,100 lb (2,313 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 100 US gal (83 imp gal; 380 L) usable fuel (normal), 136 US gal (113 imp gal; 510 L) with optional tanks
  • Powerplant: 2 × Continental IO-470-L air-cooled six-cylinder horizontally opposed engines, 260 hp (190 kW) each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 205 kn (236 mph, 380 km/h) at sea level
  • Cruise speed: 180 kn (210 mph, 330 km/h) at 12,000 ft (3,700 m) (55% power)
  • Stall speed: 73 kn (84 mph, 135 km/h) IAS, power off, wheels and flaps lowered
  • Range: 942 nmi (1,084 mi, 1,745 km) at 10,500 ft (3,200 m), 65% power, 45 min reserves
  • Service ceiling: 19,700 ft (6,000 m)
  • Rate of climb: 1,670 ft/min (8.5 m/s)
  • Takeoff distance to 50 ft (15m): 1,675 ft (511 m)
  • Landing distance from 50 ft (15m): 1,840 ft (560 m)

See also

[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Built in 1962 as part of the A55 production it became the prototype C55[1]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ Simpson, R.W. (1995). Airlife's General Aviation: A guide to Postwar General Aviation Manufacturers and their aircraft (2nd ed.). Airlife Publishing. p. 77. ISBN 1-85310-577-5.
  3. ^ a b c Baugher, Joe (February 9, 2023). "1965 USAF Serial Numbers". joebaugher.com. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  4. ^ a b c Baugher, Joe (July 18, 2023). "1966 USAF Serial Numbers". joebaugher.com. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  5. ^ Taylor 1976, p.214.
  6. ^ Schlaeger, Gerald J. (March 1961). "Pilot Report: Beechcraft Model 55 Baron". Flying. New York, New York: Ziff-Davis. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  7. ^ Collins, Richard L. (July 1973). "Basic Baron". Flying. New York, New York: Ziff-Davis. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
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  11. ^ Ball 1994, p.54.
  12. ^ Ball 1994, p.60.
  13. ^ Ball 1994, p.72.
  14. ^ Ball 1994, p.165.
  15. ^ Ball 1994, p.176.
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  18. ^ Ball 1994, p.383.
  19. ^ a b Ball 1994, p.246.
  20. ^ a b Bedell, Peter A. (December 5, 2010). "Hawker Beechcraft Baron G58: The Baron Turns 50". aopa.org. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
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  41. ^ Andrade 1982, p. 137
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Bibliography

[edit]
  • Baron G58 Pilots Operating Handbook, Doc. No. 58-590000-67, Revision A12 May 27, 2015. Wichita: Beechcraft Corporation
  • Andrade, John. Militair 1982. London: Aviation Press Limited, 1982. ISBN 0 907898 01 7
  • Ball, Larry A: From Travel Air to Baron...How Beech Created a Classic, Ball Publications, 1994. ISBN 0-9641514-0-5
  • Chillon, J., Dubois, J-P., & Wegg, J. French Post-War Transport Aircraft. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1980. ISBN 0-85130-078-2.
  • Harding, Stephen. U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1990. ISBN 1-85310-102-8.
  • Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International, December 4–10, 2018. Vol. 194, No. 5665. pp. 32–60. ISSN 0015-3710.
  • Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–77. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1976, ISBN 0-354-00538-3.
  • Wheeler, Barry C. "World's Air Forces 1979". Flight International, August 4, 1979. Vol. 116, No. 3672. pp. 333–386.
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