1927 in literature
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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1927.
Events
[edit]- January – The Books Kinokuniya (紀伊國屋書店) bookstore business is established in Tokyo.
- February 4 – Gertrude Stein is honored by the Académie des femmes,[1] an informal gathering for woman writers, founded by the expatriate American Natalie Clifford Barney starts at her Paris salon. Others honored include Colette, Anna Wickham, Rachilde, Lucie Delarue-Mardrus, Mina Loy, Djuna Barnes, and posthumously, Renée Vivien.[2]
- February 24 – The new John Golden Theatre (Theatre Masque) opens in New York City at 252 West 45th Street (George Abbott Way) in midtown Manhattan.
- May 5 – Virginia Woolf's stream of consciousness novel To the Lighthouse is published by Hogarth Press in London. A second impression follows in June. It is seen as a landmark of high modernism,[3]
- June 29 – T. S. Eliot, hitherto Unitarian, is baptised into the Church of England at Finstock. In November he takes British citizenship.[4]
- July 5 – James Joyce's collection Pomes Penyeach is published by Shakespeare and Company in Paris.[5]
- July 9 – P. G. Wodehouse's short story "Pig-hoo-o-o-o-ey", published in the U.S. magazine Liberty, introduces Lord Emsworth's prize pig, the Empress of Blandings. The first UK appearance follows in the August issue of The Strand Magazine).
- August – T. S. Eliot's poem Journey of the Magi appears in Faber and Gwyer's Ariel poems series in London, illustrated by E. McKnight Kauffer.
- September – Eric Blair (George Orwell) decides while on leave from the Imperial Police in Burma to remain in the U.K. He moves to London to become a writer.
- October – Victor Gollancz founds the London publishing house Victor Gollancz Ltd.
- December – Agatha Christie's fictional amateur detective Miss Marple makes a first appearance in "The Tuesday Night Club", published in The Royal Magazine.[6]
- unknown dates
- A translation of Franz Roh's work of art criticism Nach Expressionismus – Magischer Realismus: Probleme der neuesten europäischen Malerei (After Expressionism – Magical Realism: Problems of the newest European painting, 1925) into Spanish by Revista de Occidente leads to the concept of magic realism becoming popular in Latin American literature.[7]
- The Strand Bookstore is founded in Manhattan by Benjamin Bass.[8]
New books
[edit]Fiction
[edit]- Djamaluddin Adinegoro – Darah Muda (Young Blood)
- Ion Agârbiceanu – Legea minții
- Anthony Armstrong – Jimmie Rezaire
- Anthony Berkeley – Cicely Disappears
- Arthur Bernède – Belphégor
- Tjoe Hong Bok – Setangan Berloemoer Darah (A Glove Covered in Blood)
- Elizabeth Bowen – The Hotel
- James Boyd – Marching On
- Lynn Brock – The Kink
- Edgar Rice Burroughs – The Outlaw of Torn
- James Branch Cabell – Something About Eve
- Willa Cather – Death Comes for the Archbishop
- Blaise Cendrars – La Confession de Dan Yack
- Agatha Christie – The Big Four
- J.J. Connington
- Jaime de Angulo – The Lariat
- Mazo de la Roche – Jalna
- Warwick Deeping – Kitty
- Ding Ling – Miss Sophia's Diary
- Arthur Conan Doyle – The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes
- William Faulkner – Mosquitoes
- David Garnett – Go She Must!
- Anthony Gilbert – The Tragedy at Freyne
- George Goodchild – The Monster of Grammont
- Maxim Gorky – The Life of Klim Samgin (first volume, translated as Bystander)
- Julien Green – The Closed Garden
- H. Rider Haggard – Allan and the Ice-gods
- Frances Noyes Hart – The Bellamy Trial
- Ernest Hemingway – Men Without Women
- Hermann Hesse – Steppenwolf
- James Weldon Johnson – God's Trombones
- Franz Kafka – Amerika
- Margaret Kennedy – Red Sky at Morning
- Joseph Kessel – Nights of Princes
- Ronald Knox – The Three Taps
- Kwee Tek Hoay – Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang
- Ze'ev Jabotinsky – Samson
- D. H. Lawrence – John Thomas and Lady Jane
- Halldór Laxness – Vefarinn mikli frá Kasmír (The Great Weaver from Kashmir)
- Rosamond Lehmann – Dusty Answer
- Sinclair Lewis – Elmer Gantry
- Marie Belloc Lowndes – The Story of Ivy
- Philip MacDonald – Patrol
- Compton Mackenzie
- A. E. W. Mason – No Other Tiger
- François Mauriac – Thérèse Desqueyroux
- Vilhelm Moberg – Raskens
- Paul Morand – The Living Buddha
- Mourning Dove – Cogewea, the Half-Blood: A Depiction of the Great Montana Cattle Range
- Yury Olesha – Envy
- Edith Olivier – The Love Child
- E. Phillips Oppenheim – Miss Brown of X.Y.O.
- Baroness Orczy – Sir Percy Hits Back
- T. F. Powys – Mr. Weston's Good Wine
- J. B. Priestley – Benighted
- Marcel Proust (posthumous) – Le Temps retrouvé (Time Regained or The Past Recaptured; final instalment of In Search of Lost Time)
- Waverley Lewis Root – King of the Jews
- Joseph Roth – Flight without End
- Rafael Sabatini – The Nuptials of Corbal
- Dorothy L. Sayers – Unnatural Death
- Upton Sinclair – Oil!
- Cecil Street
- Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy – The Garin Death Ray (Гиперболоид инженера Гарина)
- B. Traven – Der Schatz der Sierra Madre (The Treasure of the Sierra Madre)
- Sigrid Undset
- The Snake Pit
- The Son Avenger
- Konstantin Vaginov – Goat Song
- S. S. Van Dine – The Canary Murder Case
- Edgar Wallace
- Thornton Wilder – The Bridge of San Luis Rey
- Henry Williamson – Tarka the Otter[9]
- P. G. Wodehouse
- Virginia Woolf – To the Lighthouse[10]
- Eiji Yoshikawa (吉川 英治) – Naruto Hitcho (鳴門秘帖, A Secret Record of Naruto; serialization concludes)
- Francis Brett Young – Portrait of Clare
- Arnold Zweig – Streit um den Sergeanten Grischa (The Case of Sergeant Grischa)[11]
Children and young people
[edit]- Walter R. Brooks – To and Again (reissued 1949 as Freddy Goes to Florida, first of the Freddy the Pig series)
- Franklin W. Dixon – The Tower Treasure
- Will James – Smoky the Cowhorse
- May Justus – Peter Pocket: A Little Boy of the Cumberland Mountains
- John Masefield – The Midnight Folk
- A. A. Milne – Now We Are Six (verse)
- Edward Wyke Smith – The Marvellous Land of Snergs (proto-Hobbits)
- Ruth Plumly Thompson – The Gnome King of Oz (21st in the Oz series overall and the seventh written by her)
- Constancio C. Vigil
- Botón Tolón
- Cuentos para niños
- La hormiguita viajera
- Los escarabajos y la moneda de oro
Drama
[edit]- Isaac Babel – Sunset
- Philip Barry – Paris Bound
- Noel Pemberton Billing – High Treason
- Bertolt Brecht – In The Jungle of Cities (Im Dickicht der Städte in its final version)
- Mikhail Bulgakov – Flight («Бег», Beg, written)
- Hamilton Deane – Dracula (1927 revision of a 1924 stage adaptation)
- James Bernard Fagan – The Greater Love
- Federico García Lorca
- Mariana Pineda
- The Curse of the Butterfly (El Maleficio de la Mariposa), first production 1927 in the Teatro Eslava, Madrid
- Joseph Goebbels – Der Wanderer (only performances; written 1923)
- Walter C. Hackett – The Wicked Earl
- DuBose Heyward and Dorothy Heyward – Porgy
- Vsevolod Ivanov – Armoured Train 14-69 («Бронепоезд 14-69», Bronepoezd 14-69)
- Georgia Douglas Johnson – Plumes
- George S. Kaufman and Edna Ferber – The Royal Family
- John Howard Lawson – Loud Speaker
- Alexander Lernet-Holenia – Szene als Einleitung zu einer Totenfeier für Rainer Maria Rilke
- Frederick Lonsdale – The High Road
- W. Somerset Maugham – The Letter
- Harrison Owen – The Happy Husband
- Ernst Toller – Hoppla, We're Alive! (Hoppla, wir leben!)
- Ben Travers – Thark
- Jim Tully – Twenty Below
- John Van Druten
- Bayard Veiller – The Trial of Mary Dugan
- Roger Vitrac – The Mysteries of Love (Les Mystères de l'amour)
- Frank Vosper – The Combined Maze
- Edgar Wallace
- Emlyn Williams – Full Moon
- Carl Zuckmayer – Schinderhannes
Poetry
[edit]- Robert Desnos – La Liberté ou l'amour! (Liberty or Love!)
- Allama Iqbal – Zabur-i-Ajam (Persian Psalms)
- James Joyce – Pomes Penyeach
- Don Marquis – archy and mehitabel
Non-fiction
[edit]- Stanley Baldwin – On England and Other Addresses
- Nan Britton – The President's Daughter
- Alexandra David-Néel – My Journey to Lhasa / Voyage d'une Parisienne à Lhassa
- John Dewey – Philosophy and Civilization[12]
- J. W. Dunne – An Experiment with Time
- Walter Evans-Wentz (translator) – The Tibetan Book of the Dead (translation of Bardo Thodol)
- E. M. Forster – Aspects of the Novel
- Sigmund Freud – The Future of an Illusion (Die Zukunft einer Illusion)
- Charles Homer Haskins - The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century
- Martin Heidegger – Being and Time (Sein und Zeit)
- Christopher Hussey – The Picturesque: Studies in a Point of View
- Ernst Kantorowicz – Kaiser Friedrich der Zweite
- Ronald Knox - The Belief of Catholics
- John Livingston Lowes – The Road to Xanadu: A Study in the Ways of the Imagination
- Bertrand Russell – An Outline of Philosophy
- Helen Waddell – The Wandering Scholars
Births
[edit]- January 8 – Charles Tomlinson, English poet (died 2015)
- January 16 – Oldřich Daněk, Czech dramatist (died 2000)
- January 24
- Lasse Pöysti, Finnish writer, playwright and actor (died 2019)
- Marvin Kaplan, American actor, screenwriter and playwright (died 2016)
- January 25 – John Calder, Canadian-born Scottish publisher (died 2018)
- January 28 – Vera Williams, American author and illustrator (died 2015)
- February 1 – Galway Kinnell, American poet (died 2014)[13]
- February 6 – William Gardner Smith, expatriate American novelist and journalist (died 1974)
- February 16 – Shahidullah Kaiser, Bangladeshi novelist (died 1971)
- February 21 – Erma Bombeck, American humorist (died 1996)
- March 6 – Gabriel García Márquez, Colombian novelist (died 2014)[14]
- March 15 – Hanns Joachim Friedrichs, German journalist (died 1995)
- March 18 – George Plimpton, American writer and actor (died 2003)[15]
- March 24 – Martin Walser, German author[16]
- March 22 – Vera Henriksen, née Roscher Lund, Norwegian historical novelist (died 2016)
- April 2 – Kenneth Tynan, English theatre critic (died 1980)[17]
- April 24 – Trudi Birger, German Holocaust survivor and writer (died 2002)[18]
- April 25 – Albert Uderzo, French author and illustrator (died 2020)[19]
- May 1 – Tamar Bornstein-Lazar, Israeli children's writer (died 2020)
- May 7 – Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, British-American novelist and screenwriter (died 2013)
- May 10 – Nayantara Sahgal, Indian author[20]
- May 19 – Yusuf Idris, Egyptian writer (died 1991)
- May 25 – Robert Ludlum, American novelist (died 2001)[21]
- May 27 – Malayattoor Ramakrishnan, Indian Malayali novelist (died 1997)
- May 28 – William A. Hilliard, American journalist (died 2017)
- June 6 – Alan Seymour, Australian playwright (died 2015)
- June 1 – Moyra Caldecott, English writer of historical fiction (died 2015)[22]
- June 13 – Paul Ableman, English writer of erotic fiction and playwright (died 2006)
- June 20 – Simin Behbahani, Persian poet (died 2014)
- June 23 – Jacobo Langsner, Romanian-born Uruguayan screenwriter and playwright (died 2020)
- June 24 – Frederick Vreeland, American diplomat and writer
- June 27 – Dominic Jeeva (டொமினிக் ஜீவா), Ceylonese Tamil fiction writer and essayist (died 2021)
- June 30 – James Goldman, American screenwriter and playwright (died 1998)
- July 4 – Neil Simon, American playwright (died 2018)[23]
- July 15 – Ann Jellicoe, British playwright, stage director and actress (died 2017)
- July 16 – Shirley Hughes, English writer and illustrator of children's books (died 2022)
- July 22 – Katharine Topkins, American novelist
- July 27 – John Seigenthaler, American journalist, writer and political figure (died 2014)
- July 28
- John Ashbery, American poet (d. 2017)[24]
- Pasquale Festa Campanile, Italian screenwriter, film director and novelist (died 1986)[25]
- July 31 – Peter Nichols, English playwright (died 2019)
- August 9 – Robert Shaw, English-born actor, novelist and playwright (died 1978)[26]
- August 15 – Patrick Galvin, Irish poet and dramatist (died 2011)
- August 17 – Stefan Geosits, Burgenland Croatian writer and translator
- August 23 – Dick Bruna, Dutch author and illustrator (died 2017)[27]
- August 24 – David Ireland, Australian novelist (died 2022)[28]
- August 27 – Fouad al-Tikerly, Iraqi novelist and writer (died 2008)
- September 4 – Bernardino Zapponi, Italian novelist (died 2000)
- September 30 – W. S. Merwin, American poet (died 2019)[29]
- October 7 – Robert Westall, English novelist and children's writer (died 1993)
- October 16 – Günter Grass, German novelist (died 2015)[30]
- October 31 – Sybil Wettasinghe, Ceylonese children's writer and illustrator (died 2020)[31]
- November 2 – Steve Ditko, American comic-book writer and artist (died 2018)[32]
- November 16 – Franz Jalics, Hungarian Jesuit priest and author
- November 24
- Ahmadou Kourouma, Ivorian novelist (died 2003)[33](estimated date)
- Charles Osborne, Australian-born British writer and arts administrator (died 2017)
- December 4 – Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio, Spanish writer (died 2019)[34]
- December 13 – James Wright, American poet (died 1980)
- December 16 - Peter Dickinson, English author and poet (died 2015)
- December 24
- Mary Higgins Clark, American novelist (died 2020)[35]
- Diane de Margerie, French translator
Deaths
[edit]- January 4 – Süleyman Nazif, Turkish poet (born 1870)[36]
- January 9 – Houston Stewart Chamberlain, English-born German author (b. 1855)[37]
- January 21 – Margret Holmes Bates, American novelist and poet (born 1844)
- January 24 – Agnes Maule Machar, Canadian poet and author (born 1837)[38]
- February 5 – Osório Duque-Estrada, Brazilian poet, essayist, journalist and literary critic (born 1870)[39]
- February 26 – Alfred Remy, German-born American philologist and music writer (born 1870)
- February 27 – Roi Cooper Megrue, American playwright (b. 1882)[40]
- March 3 – Mikhail Artsybashev, Russian writer (born 1878)[41]
- March 10 – George W. Forbes, American journalist and librarian (born 1864)[42][43]
- March 18 – Philip Wicksteed, English theologian and critic (born 1844)[44]
- March 31 – Mabel Collins, British theosophist and author (born 1851)
- April 2 – Ottokár Prohászka, Hungarian Roman Catholic theologian and bishop (born 1858)
- April 16 – Gaston Leroux, French novelist (born 1868)[45]
- April 17 – Florence Carpenter Dieudonné, American fantasy fiction writer (born 1850)
- April 19 – Minnie S. Davis, American author and mental scientist (born 1835)
- May 2 – Fukuda Hideko, Japanese feminist author (born 1865)[46]
- May 20 – N. Samuel of Tranquebar, Ceylonese poet and author (born 1850)
- May 25 – Henri Hubert, French sociologist (born 1872)[47]
- May 29 – Georges Eekhoud, Belgian novelist (born 1854)
- June 1 – J. B. Bury, Irish historian (born 1861)
- June 9 – Adolfo León Gómez, Colombian poet (born 1857)
- June 14 – Jerome K. Jerome, English humorous writer (born 1859)[48]
- June 20 – Clara Louise Burnham, American novelist (born 1854)[49]
- July 5 – Lesbia Harford, Australian poet (born 1891)
- July 16 – Emily Selinger, American author, painter, and educator (born 1848)
- July 17 – Harriet Earhart Monroe, American lecturer, educator, writer, producer (born 1842)[50]
- July 24 – Ryūnosuke Akutagawa (芥川 龍之介), Japanese short story writer and poet (suicide, born 1892)
- July 26
- Kazimir Barantsevich, Russian writer (born 1851)
- Federico De Roberto, Italian novelist and dramatist (born 1861)
- August 13 – James Oliver Curwood, American novelist and conservationist (born 1878)
- August 24 – Manuel Díaz Rodríguez, Venezuelan writer (born 1871)
- September 14 – Hugo Ball, German poet (born 1886)
- September 15 – Herman Gorter, Dutch poet and socialist (born 1864)
- October 8
- Ricardo Güiraldes, Argentine novelist and poet (Hodgkin's disease, born 1886)[51]
- Mary Webb, English novelist (born 1881)[52]
- October 22 – Borisav Stanković, Serbian realist writer (born 1876)
- October 23 – Bernhard Alexander, Hungarian philosopher and polymath (born 1850)
- October 29 – Hermann Muthesius, German architect and author (born 1861)
- November 23 – Stanisław Przybyszewski, Polish novelist, dramatist, and poet (born 1868)
- December 5 – Fyodor Sologub, Russian dramatist and essayist (born 1863)
- December 17 – Hubert Harrison, African-American writer, critic, and activist (born 1883)
- date unknown – Emma Scarr Booth, British-born American novelist and poet (born 1835)
Awards
[edit]- James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Francis Brett Young, The Portrait of Clare
- James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: H. A. L. Fisher, James Bryce, Viscount Bryce of Dechmont, O.M.
- Newbery Medal for children's literature: Will James, Smoky the Cow Horse
- Newdigate Prize for poetry: G. E. Trevelyan, Julia, Daughter of Claudius (first female winner)
- Nobel Prize for Literature: Henri Bergson
- Prix Goncourt: Maurice Bedel, Jérôme 60° latitude nord[53]
- Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Paul Green, In Abraham's Bosom
- Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Leonora Speyer, Fiddler's Farewell
- Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: Louis Bromfield, Early Autumn
References
[edit]- ^ Natalie Clifford Barney (June 1992). Adventures of the Mind: The Memoirs of Natalie Clifford Barney. NYU Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-8147-1177-4.
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- ^ Curran, John (2011). Agatha Christie: Murder in the Making. New York: Harper. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-06-206542-1. This becomes the first chapter of The Thirteen Problems (1932).
- ^ Irene Guenther, "Magic Realism in the Weimar Republic" in MR: Theory, History, Community.
- ^ Thomas, Robert McG. Jr. (August 2, 1978). "Benjamin Bass, 77, Was Founder Of the Strand Used‐Book Store". The New York Times. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
- ^ Dominic Head (7 April 2017). Modernity and the English Rural Novel. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-107-03913-1.
- ^ Mary Aswell Doll (July 2000). Like Letters in Running Water: A Mythopoetics of Curriculum. Routledge. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-135-67762-6.
- ^ Harry Thornton Moore (1967). Twentieth-century German Literature. Basic Books. p. 84.
- ^ "Obituary: "Dr. John Dewey Dead at 92; Philosopher a Noted Liberal". The New York Times. 1952. Retrieved 2013-06-13.
- ^ Howard Nelson (1987). On the Poetry of Galway Kinnell: The Wages of Dying. University of Michigan Press. p. 19. ISBN 0-472-06376-6.
- ^ Oberhelman, Harley D. (1991). Gabriel García Márquez: A Study of the Short Fiction. Twayne Publishers. p. 57.
- ^ Edd Applegate (1996). Literary Journalism: A Biographical Dictionary of Writers and Editors. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-313-29949-0.
- ^ Dieter Hildebrandt; Siegfried Unseld (1972). German Mosaic: an Album for Today: Official Gift Book of the Organizing Committee for the Games of the XX. Olympiade Munich 1972. Suhrkamp. p. 438. ISBN 978-3-518-02636-6.
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- ^ Szalai, Georg (March 24, 2020). "Albert Uderzo, French Illustrator and Writer of 'Asterix,' Dies at 92". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- ^ Bhatnagar, M. K. (1996). The fiction of Nayantara Sahgal. New Delhi: Creative Books. p. 43. ISBN 9788186318300.
- ^ Gina Macdonald (1997). Robert Ludlum: A Critical Companion. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-313-29971-1.
- ^ Caldecott, Moyra (2007). Multi-Dimensional Life. Mushroom Publishing. p. 1.
- ^ Paul T. Hellmann (14 February 2006). Historical Gazetteer of the United States. Routledge. p. 779. ISBN 1-135-94859-3.
- ^ Curry, Jennifer; Ramm, David; Rich, Mari, eds. (2007). World Authors, 2000-2005. H.W. Wilson. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-8242-1077-9.
- ^ Jay Robert Nash (1989). The Motion Picture Guide: The Films of 1985. 1986 annual. Cine Books. p. 346. ISBN 978-0-933997-15-8.
- ^ British Dramatists Since World War II: M-Z. Gale Research Company. 1982. p. 470.
- ^ Julia Eccleshare (17 February 2017). "Dick Bruna obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^ Steger, Jason (2022-07-29). "David Ireland, 'giant of letters' and three-time Miles Franklin winner, dies". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
- ^ H. L. Hix (1997). Understanding W.S. Merwin. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-57003-154-0.
- ^ Tracy Chevalier (1997). Encyclopedia of the Essay. Taylor & Francis. p. 362. ISBN 978-1-884964-30-5.
- ^ "Veteran children's author, Kala Keerthi Sybil Wettasinghe passed away at the age of 93". News First. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
- ^ Benton, Mike (1994). Masters of imagination : the comic book artists hall of fame. Dallas, Tex: Taylor Pub. Co. p. 142. ISBN 9780878338597.
- ^ "Ahmadou Kourouma". The Independent. December 16, 2003. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
- ^ Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio (1975). Alfanhui. Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-0-911198-39-3.
- ^ Great Women Mystery Writers, 2nd Ed. by Elizabeth Blakesley Lindsay, page 40, 2007, Greenwood Press; ISBN 0-313-33428-5
- ^ "Süleyman Nazif Hakkında Bilgi" (in Turkish). Türkçe Bilgi-Ansiklopedi. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
- ^ "Houston Stewart Chamberlain: Timeline 1855–1939". HSChamberlain.net. Archived from the original on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
- ^ Robert Lecker; Jack David; Ellen Quigley (1993). ECW's Biographical Guide to Canadian Novelists. ECW Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-55022-151-0.
- ^ "Duque-Estrada's biography". Brazilian Academy of Letters (in Portuguese). Retrieved December 5, 2021.
- ^ "Roi Cooper Megrue, Playwright, Dies; Author of 'Under Cover' and 'Under Fire' Began His Career in a Play Brokerage Office". New York Times. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
- ^ Frank Northen Magill (1958). Masterplots: Cyclopedia of world authors; seven hundred fifty three novelists, poets, playwrights from the world's fine literature. Salem Press. p. 51.
- ^ Du Bois, W. E. B. (July 1927). "George Forbes of Boston: A Servant of Jew and Gentile". The Crisis. 34: 151–152.
- ^ Sevitch, Benjamin (2002). "W. E. B. Du Bois and Jews: A Lifetime of Opposing Anti-Semitism". The Journal of African American History. 87: 327. JSTOR 1562481.
- ^ The Economic journal. 1967. p. 333.
- ^ Leroux, Gaston (1994). The real opera ghost and other tales. Stroud: A. Sutton. p. xiv. ISBN 9780750907828.
- ^ Horimoto, Fumiko (1999). Pioneers of the women's movement in Japan, Hiratsuka Raicho and Fukuda Hideko seen through their journals, Seito and Sekai fujin (Thesis). hdl:1807/14749. ProQuest 304566465.
- ^ American journal of archaeology. 1928. p. 68.
- ^ Connolly, Joseph (1982). Jerome K. Jerome : a critical biography. London: Orbis Pub. p. 194. ISBN 9780856133497.
- ^ Kaser, James A. (2011). The Chicago of Fiction: A Resource Guide. Scarecrow Press. p. 414. ISBN 978-1-4616-7258-6.
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- ^ Escuela Normal Superior de Chascomús.
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- ^ Books Abroad. University of Oklahoma. 1928. p. 29.